by

Signification (Anglais)

1. Near or next to.
2. From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
3. Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
4. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
5. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
6. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
7. Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
8. Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
9. Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
10. Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
11. Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
12. Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
13. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
14. Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
15. per; with or in proportion to each.
16. Indicates a referenced source: According to.
17. Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
18. Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.

par

au moyen de

près de

d’après

à cause

au delà de

d’ici

au-delà de

autour de

near to

in accordance with

by means

indicates means of action

cause of effect

at the side of

not later than

parallel to

parallel with

in the view of

all the

at the rate of

belonging to

in conformity with

in conjunction with

in order to

in the case of

in the neighbourhood of

by reason of

by the side

in light of

in the light of

in the neighborhood of

in the vicinity of

straight past

by doing

Fréquence

Prononcé comme (IPA)

/baɪ/

From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).