sum

Meaning

Verb

1. (copulative, suppletive) to be, exist
2. (copulative, suppletive) to be, exist
3. (suppletive) there be
4. (Medieval-Latin, past, suppletive) to go
5. (Ecclesiastical, Late-Latin, Latin, imperative, suppletive) be

Pron

him

Concepts

be

exist

there be

am

have

get

live

Synonyms

exsto

consto

exsisto

ivi

possideo

sto

substo

teneo

subsum

exsistere

habeō

compareo

exto

gressus sum

existere

usus sum

Translations

zijn

sein

essere

être

ser

ser

είμαι

كَانَ

ser

existir

estar

estar

exister

υπάρχω

Pronounced as (IPA)

[ˈsũː]

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *som~*ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“be”) + *bʰúHt (“become”). From the latter of the two derive all the /f-/ forms of Latin sum (including fore), the separate verb fīō (“become”), and the verb-endings -bō (future) and -bam (past imperfect). Clipped conjugations with /s-/, such as sum itself, occurred alongside more conservative equivalents with /es-/ in early Latin, such as the archaic esum. The clipped forms likely arose as unstressed clitics.