zich

Signification (English)

(broadly, reflexive) Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself
(broadly, formal, reflexive) Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves
expresses an unintended result with many otherwise non-reflexive and ergative verbs

dissocier

enfiler

se débrouiller

se mêler

se prosterner

s’incruster

s'agenouiller

de aftocht blazen

dissociëren

inmengen

achteruitwijken

distantiëren

wegdraaien

afkeren

Fréquence

Prononcé comme (IPA)

/zɪx/

Inherited from moyen néerlandais

sich

In summary

From Middle Dutch sich, from Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek. Old Dutch did not have a reflexive pronoun (only rarely in early Limburgish texts), but used the normal accusative pronoun (if necessary intensified by selven, cf. English himself). Although the use of zich in Holland-based Dutch was clearly triggered by written German, this development was assisted by the fact that the south-eastern dialects of Dutch had already adopted certain High German pronoun forms in much earlier times (cf. Limburgish ich, mich, dich, zich).

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