by

Prep

1. Near or next to.
2. From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
3. Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
4. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
5. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
6. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
7. Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
8. Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
9. Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
10. Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
11. Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
12. Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
13. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
14. Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
15. Per; with or in proportion to each.
16. Indicates a referenced source: According to.
17. Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
18. multiplied by or (chiefly South Asia) divided by
19. Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.
20. At, with, among
21. in a windward direction, sailing near to the direction from which the wind is blowing

Adv

1. (not-comparable) Along a path which runs past someone or something.
2. (not-comparable) In the vicinity, near.
3. (not-comparable) To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.
4. (not-comparable) Aside, away.

Adj

1. (not-comparable) Out of the way, off to one side.
2. (not-comparable) Subsidiary, incidental.

Noun

Alternative form of bye.

Intj

Dated form of bye (“goodbye”).

Pronounced as (IPA)

/baɪ/

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English: by

Inherited from Old English: bī

Cognate with Western Frisian: by

Cognate with Afrikaans: by

Cognate with Saterland Frisian: bie

Cognate with Dutch: bij

Cognate with German: bei

In summary

From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).

Synonyms

near

with

at

beside

through

on

🔛

by means of

from

past

next to

of

according to

towards

to

in

since

nearby

upon

over

close to

for

along

near to

via

until

about

before

aside

next

close

as

per

due to

up to

beyond

because of

away

alongside

by means

aboard

according as

up

🆙

toward

in accordance with

into

under

among

whence

till

atop

Translations

por

par

bei

durch

bij

per

por

mit

op

🆙

door

per

von

da

con

met

Sentences

The station is owned and maintained by Transport for London .

And also by unhappiness , envy , and jealousy .

Permeability is affected by the pressure in a rock .

It is the smallest Dutch municipality by area .

The president is elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term .

The original live concert was mixed by Peter Sinfield.