rough

Betekenis (Engels)

Adj

1. Not smooth; uneven.
2. Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
3. Turbulent.
4. Difficult; trying.
5. Crude; unrefined.
6. Worn; shabby; weather-beaten.
7. Having socio-economic problems, hence possibly dangerous.
8. Violent; not careful or subtle.
9. Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
10. Not polished; uncut.
11. Harsh-tasting.
12. (colloquial,slang) Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.
13. (colloquial,slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.

Noun

1. The unmowed part of a golf course.
2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
3. A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
4. The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
5. A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
6. (obsolete) Boisterous weather.
7. A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

Verb

1. To create in an approximate form.
2. To break the rules by being excessively violent.
3. To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
4. To render rough; to roughen.
5. To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
6. To endure primitive conditions.
7. To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.

Adv

In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

Concepten

ruw

onbehouwen

onbewerkt

ruig

bars

zuur

onvriendelijk

rauw

nors

nurks

stuurs

honds

onaardig

cru

bot

grof

snauwerig

oneffen

lomp

hardhandig

bruut

bobbelig

schraal

bultig

rul

onkies

onfatsoenlijk

ongerust

😟

ongeveer

onhandig

onrustig

rusteloos

saai

slechtgehumeurd

somber

triestig

verdrietelijk

vervelend

wild

woelig

woest

zorgelijk

stroef

woesteling

approximaal

approximatief

onvriendelijk

akelig

onhandzaam

balorig

bang

bar

beducht

beest

bekommerd

benaderend

bezorgd

boers

druk

gejaagd

gemelijk

hard

hobbelig

kregel

kregelig

landelijk

log

mistroostig

moeilijk

naar

naargeestig

onaangenaam

onbehoorlijk

onbetamelijk

Synoniemen

coarse

harsh

rude

uneven

crude

rugged

hard

bumpy

gruff

approximate

unrefined

wild

raw

tough

jagged

vulgar

violent

uncouth

brutal

rocky

abrasive

rustic

thick

rowdy

clumsy

not smooth

grainy

scratchy

roughly

sour

careless

severe

bad

👎

broad

surly

stormy

unpolished

gross

scabrous

unkind

sketchy

sharp

boorish

ragged

churlish

approximative

dull

abrupt

heavy

course

blunt

coarsen

shaggy

unpleasant

sullen

disagreeable

unstable

grating

raucous

stiff

curt

uncivil

unsmooth

uncultured

difficult

dirty

impolite

blustering

gnarled

choppy

unwrought

serrated

boisterous

dry

strong

unfinished

craggy

cruel

turbulent

big

scraggly

granular

uncut

gravelly

slap-dash

slovenly

bristly

crass

steep

agitated

stone

🪨

morose

cross

stringent

stubborn

tart

tempestuous

cursory

rough in

rough out

outline

troubled

oversize

haughty

tumultuous

pimpled

plain

poor

hoarse

pugnacious

humble

discourteous

rasping

untidy

raspy

unworked

vigorous

weathered

reckless

calk

dour

inattentive

be careless

be hoarse

jolty

draft

roughen

indecent

roughneck

inexact

be coarse

unhewn

insolent

fierce

scaly

become rough

irregular

coarse-grained

jolting

jumpy

asperous

uneven surface

flat

coarseness

acrid

refractory

restless

rigid

rimose

robust

rolling

rotten

roughened

roughness

round

rudely

ruffian

ruffianly

ruffle

ruffled

ruminate

rural

sad

☹️

savage

scraper

screechy

scurrilous

seamy

self-reliant

serrate

sever

shag

sketch

slapdash

sloppy

small

snappy

solid

somber

sorely

spoiled

spotty

stark

steely

stern

stodgy

stout

strict

strictly

strident

superficially

tall

tasteless

textured

throaty

toughen

tricky

troublesome

truculent

tweedy

uncultivated

uneasy

uneducated

unforgiving

ungentle

ungentlemanly

ungracious

unkempt

unmannerly

unquiet

unreasonable

unrelenting

unripe

unruly

unsettled

unsubtle

untamed

untreated

unyielding

wayward

wildness

windy

wiry

worried

😟

wrinkled

yahoo

agama lizard

agrestic

heavy handed

knaggy

nubbly

of the sea

setose

stony ground

abstemious meal

cruel treatment

unpolished rice

harsh-mannered

coarsely ground

hackly

bullying

meat

🥩

be slovenly

be vigorous

corner-man

rugous

unmalleable

be clumsy

be untidy

harsh to the touch

ball-breaker

ball-buster

make rough

voilent

make coarse

large-grained

off-colour

rough-cut

slubbed

undeferential

ungentlemanlike

granular snow

be slap-dash

fond of horse-play

R antigen

approximate figure

coarse food

lean diet

austere fare

aberrant

resource based

abnormal

aggressive

agrarian

angular

anomalous

antigen

anxious

arduous

arrogant

ascetic

astringent

austere

badly

ballpark

bare

barren

base

be

beast

beat

bitter

bitterly

bleak

blemished

blistering

block out

blustery

boring

bothersome

break in

brittle

broken

brushy

brusque

brute

callused

casual

cheeky

clownish

coarsened

conceptualise

conceptualize

cragged

croaky

crudely

dashing

delineate

delinquent

desolate

dismal

disrespectful

dissonant

distasteful

dreary

easygoing

estimated

evil

exasperate

extemporaneous

fetid

filthy

flagrant

flexible

flint

gaunt

gecko

general

generally

generous

gloomy

gnarly

gritty

handy

hardcore

hard-core

hardened

hardship

having

headstrong

hilly

hirsute

homespun

hooligan

horrible

ill-mannered

ill-natured

ill-use

impertinent

imprecise

improvised

impudent

inclement

inclinable

indelicate

indigestible

inedible

inelegance

inexorable

inferior

inhospitable

intense

invulnerable

iron

irreverent

keen

knavish

knobbly

knockabout

knotty

lawless

lizard

🦎

lofty

loud

loutish

lumpen

lumpy

makeshift

manhandle

meager

miserable

misshapen

nasty

noisy

nubby

number

🔢

obscene

offend

ordinary

outspoken

overzealous

pedestrian

peevish

peremptory

pettish

petulant

prickly

primary

provincialism

proximate

quarrelsome

rascally

rash

raw materials

recalcitrant

Uitgesproken als (IPA)

/ɹʌf/

Etymologie (Engels)

Overgenomen van Middelengels: rough

Overgenomen van Oudengels: rūg

Verwant aan Schots: ruch

Verwant aan Saterfries: ruuch

Verwant aan Fries: rûch

Verwant aan Nedersaksisch: ruuch

Verwant aan Nederlands: ruig

Verwant aan Duits: rau

Verwant aan Deens: ru

In summary

From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).