sine

Meaning

Prep

without

Verb

second-person singular present active imperative of sinō

Concepts

without

-less

Synonyms

absque

in-

ne-

se-

Translations

sans

ohne

senza

sin

zonder

sense

sem

δίχως

άνευ

bê

χωρίς

sens

بدون

-siz

Pronounced as (IPA)

[ˈsɪ.nɛ]

Etymology

The meaning "without" was previously expressed by sē, sēd (see sē-, sed), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), thus originally "by itself". Some still refer the si- in sine to this root; others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”), whence si (“if”). And as sometimes nesi was also written, with -ne being nē (“not”), sine might literally mean "not this". Compare with nisi.
Yet others refer sine to Proto-Indo-European *sen(H)i (“for oneself, without”), itself possibly related to *swé or more likely a locative of *senH-. Thus cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́νευ (ắneu), ἄτερ (áter, “without”), Sanskrit सनुतर् (sanutar, “away, off”), Old English sundor; compare especially Tocharian B snai and Old Irish sain (“separated, different”) (Proto-Celtic *sanis), which may reflect the original PIE adverb.
The ablative is from a PIE ablative of separation or a comitative-instrumental analogous to cum. Compare Sanskrit विना (vinā).