sanguis

Meaning

1. (declension-3) blood
2. (declension-3) descent, descendant, parentage, progeny, blood relative, flesh-and-blood, family, race
3. (declension-3) blood (consanguinity)

Concepts

blood

🩸

bloodshed

bloodletting

blood-letting

slaughter

blood cells

Synonyms

cruor

🩸

caedes

strages

effusio sanguinis

Translations

Blut

🩸

sang

🩸

sangre

🩸

sangue

🩸

sangue

🩸

bloed

🩸

sang

🩸

kan

🩸

αίμα

sang

دم

🧥

xwîn

🩸

دماء

خوێن

Pronounced as (IPA)

[ˈsaŋ.ɡʷiːs]

Etymology

Older sanguīs, later regularized with a short /i/, likely for *sanguīns, from Proto-Italic *sangwens, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”), whence also saniēs (“ichor; ulcer”) via suffixation.
The nominative of the original paradigm is likely to be reflected as Old Latin assyr, as(c)er (found in glosses only). It's disputed whether sanguen is the earlier form, but it seems more likely that it's a later reshaping on the analogy of unguen, inguen, since if original, the addition of -s- to it would be reflected as *sanguēs.
It has also supposed that may be related to Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌗𐌖𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌀 (sanxuneta, “the sanguinary”), with the enclitic article -𐌕𐌀 (-ta) (assuming, contrary to the usual view, that sanguis is not of Indo-European origin).
Cognate to Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (ásṛj), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn).