ad

Meaning

1. (with-accusative) toward, to
2. (with-accusative) up to (indicating direction upwards)
3. (with-accusative) near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)
4. (with-accusative) against, on, upon (indicating position)
5. (with-accusative) at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)
6. (with-accusative) until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)
7. (with-accusative) for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)
8. (with-accusative) in order to, to, for (indicating means)
9. (with-accusative) in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to
10. (with-accusative) according to (indicating conformity)
11. (with-accusative) in consequence of
12. (with-accusative) against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)
13. (with-accusative) among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)
14. (with-accusative) about, around, approximately, thereabout (indicating number)

Concepts

to

at

for

toward

towards

up to

in

until

in order to

upon

inside

an

into

aboard

by

on

🔛

a

🅰️

per

with

all

near to

about

after

alongside

apiece

atop

at the rate of

beside

concerning

each

near

next to

of

onto

over

regarding

till

unto

Synonyms

a

ab

abs

apud

in

pro

sub

tenus

usque

ob

Translations

a

zu

a

hacia

naar

a

a

à

nach

para

aan

🔛

in

cap a

op

🆙

tot

Pronounced as (IPA)

[ˈad]

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.
The accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.