rufen
Meaning
- (class-7,intransitive,strong) to call out; to shout; to cry; to shriek
- (class-7,intransitive,strong) to call for, to request the presence of
- (class-7,strong,transitive) to call (something) out
- (class-7,strong) to ask, to call for
- (class-7,strong,transitive) to call (someone), e.g. by telephone
Frequency
Pronounced as (IPA)
/ˈʁuːfən/
Etymology
From Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German ruofan, hruofan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Dutch roepen, English roop, which see. Alongside there existed a weak Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German (h)ruofen. Weak conjugation is attestable until the 19th century. It indirectly lingers in the umlautless present forms, as against obsolete du rüfst, er rüft. (Lack of umlaut on rounded diphthong before labial is regular in Upper German, but it has only established itself here, not in laufen and saufen.)
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