thou

Signification (English)

Pron

Nominative singular of ye (“you”).

Verb

1. To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.
2. To use the word thou.

Noun

A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).

Noun

A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).

Adv

Misspelling of though.

Conj

Misspelling of though.

Concepts

tu

vous

toi

tutoyer

mille

1000

te

mil

chiliade

thou

Synonyms

you

thee

thousand

thy

millenary

thine

thyself

yard

ye

yourself

G

G

K

K

M

M

one thousand

SG

1000

yer

U

U

grand

chiliad

grand

mil

Prononcé comme (IPA)

/ðaʊ/

Etymology (English)

Inherited from moyen anglais: thou

Inherited from ancien anglais: þū

Cognate with saterlandais: du

Cognate with frison occidental: do

Cognate with néerlandais: du

Cognate with limbourgeois: doe

Cognate with bas-allemand: du

Cognate with allemand: du

Cognate with danois: du

Cognate with suédois: du

Cognate with féroïen: tú

Cognate with islandais: þú

Cognate with gotique: 𐌸𐌿

Cognate with latin: tu

Cognate with grec ancien: σύ

Cognate with grec ancien: τύ

Cognate with grec: εσύ

Cognate with irlandais: tu

Cognate with lituanien: tu

Cognate with slavon d’église: ty

Cognate with gallois: ti

Cognate with arménien: դու

Cognate with albanais: ti

Cognate with persan: تو

Inherited from moyen anglais: thouen

In summary

From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”).
cognates and usage evolution
The English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tu, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to).
The informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.