Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)
From Ottoman Turkish شام (Şam, “Damascus, Syria”), from Arabic اَلشَّام (aš-Šām, “Syria, Damascus”).
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