proprius

Meaning

1. (adjective, declension-1, declension-2) appropriate to oneself: (one's) proper, (one's) own (inalienably)
2. (adjective, declension-1, declension-2) belonging to oneself as property, or goods: (one's) own (alienably)
3. (adjective, declension-1, declension-2) particular to one individual, group, or case: characteristic, distinctive, eccentric, idiosyncratic, individual, specialized
4. (adjective, declension-1, declension-2) not shared with others: personal, private, exclusive
5. (adjective, declension-1, declension-2) proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things
6. (adjective, declension-1, declension-2) proper, literal, strict
7. (adjective, declension-1, declension-2) proper, literal, strict

Concepts

characteristic

one’s own

particular

peculiar

permanent

special

distinctive

singular

original

own

specific

Opposite of

commūnis, trālāticius, trānslātus

Synonyms

singularis

privus

specialis

peculiaris

sui generis

Translations

particular

spécial

speciale

próprio

proprio

peculiar

particular

نَفْس

eigen

eigenartig

spezial

ständig

eigen-

besonderes

Pronounced as (IPA)

[ˈprɔ.pri.ʊs]

Etymology

Most likely from Proto-Italic *pro- + *prijos (“own, dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”). Since pro- can hardly be explained as a nominal prefix, Forssman (2004) explains it as having been extended to the adjective from the verb propriāre, once-attested as propriāssit. Cognate to Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”), Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”) and Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”), Welsh rhydd (“free”), English free.
Other suggestions include:
* for *proprīvus, from the root of prīvus (“individual”), from Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”).
* for *propatrius, from pro- + pater, meaning “from one's forefathers”, taking Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”) as comparison.