crust

Meaning

Noun

1. (countable, uncountable) A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary.
2. (countable, uncountable) The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
3. (countable, uncountable) An outer layer composed of pastry
4. (countable, uncountable) The bread-like base of a pizza.
5. (Australia, British, Canada, Ireland, New-Zealand, Northern-US, countable, uncountable) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel.
6. (countable, uncountable) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
7. (broadly, countable, uncountable) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet.
8. (countable, uncountable) The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
9. (Australia, British, countable, informal, uncountable) A living.
10. (informal, uncountable) Nerve, gall.
11. (Australia, UK, countable, dated, slang, uncountable) The head.
12. (abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable) Ellipsis of crust punk, a subgenre of punk music.

Verb

1. (transitive) To cover with a crust.
2. (intransitive) To form a crust.

Synonyms

shell

🐚

rind

scab

incrustation

bark

skin

husk

Earth’s crust

coat

🧥

peel

encrustation

impudence

hull

cake

🍰

cover

insolence

fur

eggshell

earth’s crust

slough

test

impertinence

crusta

cheekiness

investment

carapace

encrust

leather

cortex

eschar

freshness

gall

casing

peeling

poker face

presumptuousness

scabies

scale

skim

skull

💀

stomach

surface

tegument

valve

freeze over

pallium

scar over

testa

breadcrust

episperm

Translations

crosta

croûte

Kruste

corteza

crosta

costra

korst

kabuk

Schale

crosta

φλοιός

crusta

écorce

croûte terrestre

Pronounced as (IPA)

/kɹʌst/

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English: cruste

Cognate with Old Norse: hroðr

Cognate with Old English: hruse

Cognate with Old High German: hrosa

Cognate with Latvian: kruvesis

Cognate with Ancient Greek: κρύος

Cognate with Avestan: 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-

Cognate with Sanskrit: क्रूड्

In summary

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).