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جرذ

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(Inglese)

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Pronunciato come (IPA)

/d͡ʒu.rað/

From the root ج ر د (j r d) related to gnawing the exterior off, a variation like in the also common جِذْر (jiḏr, “root”) from ج د ر (j d r). In dialects also جُرْذ (jurḏ), and جُرْد (jurd), but a stop for this spirant is common in dialects. It finds cognates in Mehri gərḏīn (“rat”), Harsusi gerḏīn (“rat”), Classical Syriac ܓܪܕܐ (garḏā, “beaver”), Akkadian 𒂵𒊑𒁺 (/⁠gāridu⁠/, “beaver”) and is alleged to be an inter-Semitic borrowing, specifically passed into Arabic from Aramaic, and ultimately an Iranian loanword based on the trade of castoreum comparing Gilaki گرزه (garze, garza, “rat”), Bakhtiari گرزه (girza, gerza, “rat”), obsolete rare Classical Persian گرزه (garza, “rat”), metathetical Khwarezmian [script needed] (ʾrdɣyk, “rat”), Ormuri [script needed] (gilak, “rat”), Gilaki غل (ğal, “mouse”), Mazanderani گل (gal, “mouse”), which are brought together with Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē, “mustelid”) and Latin glīs (“doormouse”) and Sanskrit गिरि (giri, “mouse”) to claim a Proto-Indo-European *gl̥h₁éys or similar but are in turn due the consonant variations suspected by Schwartz to be from Semitic although he also pondered the reverse direction, not acquainted with Semitic cognates to the Arabic, himself proposing a derivation from the stem of Persian گزنه (gazane, “nettle”) (probably a Caspian borrowing) which is in Gilaki گرزنه (garzane, “nettle”) with a base meaning “to bite, to sting”, Persian گزیدن (gazidan).