those

From Middle English thos (“those”), alteration of tho pl (“the; those”), equivalent to tho (“the; those”) + -s (plural ending), partly by analogy with thes (“these”), whose final -s is original and not a plural ending. More at tho.

Nouveau

that

1. Introducing a clause that is the object of a verb, especially a reporting verb or verb expressing belief, knowledge, perception, etc.
2. Introducing a clause that is the subject of a verb, especially the 'be' verb or a verb expressing judgement, opinion, etc.
3. Introducing a clause that is the subject of a verb, especially the 'be' verb or a verb expressing judgement, opinion, etc.
4. Introducing a clause that complements an adjective or passive participle.
5. Introducing a clause that complements an adjective or passive participle.
6. Introducing a subordinate clause modifying an adverb.
7. Introducing a clause that describes the information content of a preceding reporting noun.
8. Introducing — especially, but not exclusively, with an antecedent like so or such — a subordinate clause expressing a result, consequence, or effect.
9. Introducing a subordinate clause that expresses an aim, purpose, or goal ("final"), and usually contains the auxiliaries may, might, or should: so, so that, in order that.
10. Introducing a premise or supposition for consideration: seeing as; inasmuch as; given that; as would appear from the fact that.
11. Introducing an exclamation expressing a desire or wish.
12. Introducing an exclamation expressing a strong emotion such as sadness or surprise.