ghost

Signification (Anglais)

Noun

1. (countable, uncountable) A disembodied soul; a soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death.
2. (archaic, countable, literary, uncountable) A spirit; a human soul.
3. (broadly, countable, uncountable) Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image.
4. (countable, uncountable) A false image formed in a telescope, camera, or other optical device by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses.
5. (countable, uncountable) An unwanted image similar to and overlapping or adjacent to the main one on a television screen, caused by the transmitted image being received both directly and via reflection.
6. (abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable) Ellipsis of ghostwriter.
7. (countable, uncountable) A nonexistent person invented to obtain some (typically fraudulent) benefit.
8. (countable, uncountable) A dead person whose identity is stolen by another (see ghosting).
9. (Internet, countable, uncountable) An unresponsive user on IRC, resulting from the user's client disconnecting without notifying the server.
10. (countable, uncountable) A copy of a file or record.
11. (countable, uncountable) An understudy.
12. (countable, uncountable) A covert (and deniable) agent.
13. (countable, uncountable) A faint image that remains after an attempt to remove graffiti.
14. (countable, uncountable) An opponent in a racing game that follows a previously recorded route, allowing players to compete against previous best times.
15. (countable, uncountable) Someone whose identity cannot be established because there are no records of such a person.
16. (countable, uncountable) An unphysical state in a gauge theory.
17. (attributive, countable, uncountable) A formerly nonexistent character that was at some point mistakenly encoded into a character set standard, which might have since become used opportunistically for some genuine purpose.
18. (abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis) Ellipsis of ghost pepper.
19. (uncountable) A game in which players take turns to add a letter to a possible word, trying not to complete a word.
20. (attributive, countable, uncountable) White or pale.
21. (attributive, countable, uncountable) Transparent or translucent.
22. (attributive, countable, uncountable) Abandoned.
23. (attributive, countable, uncountable) Remnant; remains.
24. (attributive, countable, uncountable) Perceived or listed but not real.
25. (attributive, countable, uncountable) Of cryptid, supernatural or extraterrestrial nature.
26. (attributive, countable, uncountable) Substitute.

Adj

In the form be ghost: not present or involved; absent, gone.

Verb

1. (literary, poetic, transitive) Of a disembodied soul: to appear (somewhere or to someone) in the form of an apparition; to haunt.
2. (literary, poetic, transitive) To imbue (something) with a ghost-like effect or hue.
3. (broadly, figuratively, transitive) To continuously cause (someone or something) trouble; specifically, to continuously be in the thoughts of (someone) in a disturbing manner; to perturb, to trouble.
4. (broadly, figuratively, slang, transitive) To kill (someone).
5. (broadly, figuratively, transitive) To copy (a file or record).
6. (broadly, figuratively, transitive) To gray out (a visual element) to indicate that it is unavailable.
7. (Internet, broadly, figuratively, transitive) To forcibly disconnect (an IRC user) who is using one's reserved nickname.
8. (broadly, figuratively, slang, transitive) To stop communicating with (someone) on social media, though text messages, etc., without explanation, especially as a way of ending a relationship; hence, to end a relationship with (someone) by stopping all communication without explanation.
9. (UK, broadly, figuratively, transitive) To transfer (a prisoner) to another prison, usually without first informing the prisoner.
10. (transitive) Synonym of ghostwrite (“to write (a literary work or speech), or produce (an artistic work)), in the place of someone”); also, to carry out (an artistic performance) in the place of someone.
11. (intransitive) To appear suddenly or move like a disembodied soul; specifically (often sports); also (transitive, dated) followed by the dummy subject it: to move easily and quietly without anyone noticing; to slip.
12. (intransitive) Followed by for: synonym of ghostwrite (“to write a literary work or speech, or produce an artistic work, in the place of someone”); also, to carry out an artistic performance in the place of someone.
13. (intransitive) Of a sailing vessel: to sail seemingly with very little or no wind.
14. (intransitive, obsolete) Apparently only in the writings of the Dutch-English physician Gideon Harvey (c. 1636–1640 – c. 1700–1702): to die, to expire.

Concepts

fantôme

👻

revenant

spectre

👻

fantasme

esprit

apparition

monstre

nègre

trace

démon

diable

fantome

image fantôme

site fantôme

fantôme du réseau

raie fantôme

âme

esprit d’un défunt

lutin

👿

menace

ombre

toucher

âme en peine

hantise

psychisme

âme d’un mort

esprit d’un mort

doppelgänger

Synonymes

spirit

phantom

apparition

demon

spectre

soul

specter

devil

monster

evil spirit

goblin

spook

wraith

genie

🧞

shade

shadow

trace

touch

bogey

fiend

ghostwrite

haunt

phantasm

vampire

🧛

sprite

giant

ghostwriter

Satan

dead person

departed soul

hobgoblin

tincture

beast

zombie

🧟

bugbear

bogy

demons

supernatural

dead body

revenant

ghost image

monstrous

corpse

obsess

manifestation

ogress

hue

evil

imp

👿

bat

🦇

Traductions

fantasma

👻

Gespenst

👻

Geist

fantasma

👻

fantasma

👻

φάντασμα

spook

spirito

spettro

espectro

Spuk

espíritu

geest

👻

hayalet

👻

Prononcé comme (IPA)

/ɡəʊst/

Étymologie (Anglais)

Hérité de moyen anglais: gost

Hérité de ancien anglais: gāst

In summary

The noun is derived from Middle English gost, from Old English gāst, gǣst (“breath, spirit, soul, ghost”) (compare modern English Holy Ghost), from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysdos, from *ǵʰéysd- (“anger, agitation”).
The h in the spelling appears in the Prologue to William Caxton’s Royal Book, printed in 1484, in a reference to the “Holy Ghoost”. It was likely influenced by Middle Dutch gheest, a common variant of geest. Both Caxton and his assistant Wynkyn de Worde had connections to the Low Countries. Doublet of geist.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun. The verb gained prominence in the 2010s.
cognates
* Danish gast (“ghost”), gejst (“enthusiasm”)
* Dutch geest (“ghost, spirit”)
* German Geist (“ghost, spirit”)
* Luxembourgish Geescht (“ghost, spirit, spectre, phantom”)
* Saterland Frisian Gäist, Jeest (“ghost, spirit”)
* Scots gaist, ghaist (“ghost”)
* Swedish gast (“ghost”)
* Vilamovian gȧjst (“ghost, spirit”)
* West Frisian geast (“ghost, spirit”)
* Yiddish גײַסט (gayst, “ghost, spirit”)
* Yola gaast (“ghost”)

Phrases

He has done so much ghostwriting that he starts to feel like a ghost , too .

Il a fait tellement de fantômes qu'il commence à se sentir aussi comme un fantôme.