rough

(Tiếng Anh)

Adj

1. Not smooth; uneven.
2. Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
3. Turbulent.
4. Difficult; trying.
5. Crude; unrefined.
6. Worn; shabby; weather-beaten.
7. Having socio-economic problems, hence possibly dangerous.
8. Violent; not careful or subtle.
9. Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
10. Not polished; uncut.
11. Harsh-tasting.
12. (Ireland, UK, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.
13. (Ireland, UK, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.
14. Of or relating to the rough breathing in the Greek language.

Noun

1. The unmowed part of a golf course.
2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
3. A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
4. The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
5. A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
6. (obsolete) Boisterous weather.
7. A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

Verb

1. To create in an approximate form.
2. (intransitive) To break the rules by being excessively violent.
3. To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
4. To render rough; to roughen.
5. To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
6. To endure primitive conditions.
7. (transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.

Adv

In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

Phát âm là (IPA)

/ɹʌf/

Từ nguyên (Tiếng Anh)

Được thừa hưởng từ Tiếng Anh Trung cổ: rough

Được thừa hưởng từ Tiếng Anh cổ: rūg

Có liên quan đến Tiếng Scots: ruch

Có liên quan đến Saterfriesisch: ruuch

Có liên quan đến Tiếng Frisia: rûch

Có liên quan đến Tiếng Hạ Giéc-man: ruuch

Có liên quan đến Tiếng Hà Lan: ruig

Có liên quan đến Tiếng Đức: rau

Có liên quan đến Tiếng Đan Mạch: ru

In summary

From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).

Từ đồng nghĩa

coarse

harsh

rude

uneven

crude

rugged

hard

bumpy

gruff

approximate

unrefined

tough

raw

wild

vulgar

jagged

violent

uncouth

brutal

rocky

abrasive

rustic

grainy

rowdy

thick

clumsy

not smooth

stormy

surly

roughly

gross

broad

severe

sharp

unpolished

bad

👎

boorish

scratchy

scabrous

careless

sour

sketchy

unkind

grating

sullen

approximative

dull

stiff

curt

shaggy

Bản dịch

rugueux

áspero

rauh

ruvido

grob

rude

rau

grossier

ruw

áspero

rude

coriace

roh

brut

Grobheit