gruff

Значение (English)

Adj

1. having a rough, surly, and harsh demeanor and nature.
2. hoarse-voiced.
3. hoarse.

Verb

To speak gruffly.

Synonyms

harsh

rough

surly

hoarse

unkind

crusty

rude

brusque

unpleasant

brutal

husky

sour

sullen

disagreeable

abrupt

throaty

inimical

unfriendly

ungracious

curmudgeonly

tough

ill-humoured

ill-humored

disobliging

distasteful

dour

dreary

frowning

😦

gaunt

gloomy

graceless

grating

grim

gritty

grumpy

guttural

homespun

horrible

inclinable

low-pitched

miserable

moody

morose

nasty

nubby

offhand

peevish

pettish

petulant

ragged

raucous

raw

rugged

sad

☹️

scabrous

scraggly

screechy

seamy

somber

stodgy

touchy

tweedy

uncharitable

uncivil

uneven

ungainly

ungallant

unkindly

unpleasing

unsympathetic

violent

wild

wiry

be hoarse

nubbly

setose

be low

slubbed

unsupportive

rather coarse

rather rough

abrasive

rather rude

annoyed

austere

bad

👎

baritone

bass

bearish

bleak

bluff

blunt

boring

brief

bristly

brusk

caddish

chuff

coarse

cross

curt

deep

desolate

discourteous

dismal

Произносится как (IPA)

/ɡɹʌf/

Этимология (English)

Cognate with Saterfriesisch: groaf

Cognate with западнофризский: grof

Cognate with нижненемецкий: groff

Cognate with немецкий: grob

Cognate with шведский: grov

In summary

From West Flemish and Dutch grof (“rude, coarse, rough”), from Middle Dutch grof (“coarse”), from Old Dutch *grof, of uncertain formation and relation, yet undoubtedly cognate with Saterland Frisian groaf (“rough, coarse, crude”), West Frisian grof (“rough, coarse, crude”), Low German groff (“rough, coarse, crude”), German grob (“rough, coarse, crude”), Swedish grov (“rough, coarse, crude”).
Perhaps originating from Proto-West Germanic *gahrob, from Proto-Germanic *gahrubaz, *hrubaz, related to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“scabby, rough, scrubby”) or alternatively from Proto-West Germanic *grob, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz (“coarse, rough”).