donmak

Oznaczający

1. (intransitive) freeze (to become solid due to low temperature), congeal
2. (intransitive) to feel very cold, freeze
3. (intransitive) to freeze to death
4. (intransitive) to set, harden, solidify
5. (intransitive) to freeze, remain motionless

Etymologia

From Ottoman Turkish طوڭمق (doñmak, “to freeze, to become ice, to solidify, to become rigid”), from Proto-Turkic *toŋ- (“to freeze”). Related to Turkish don (“frost, rime”)). Possibly related to Proto-Mongolic *daxara- (“to freeze”) (whence Mongolian даарах (daarax, “to freeze up”)) and Proto-Tungusic *doŋota (“cold, frost”) (whence Evenki доӈото (doŋoto, “frost”)), and/or from Middle Chinese 凍 (/⁠tuŋ⁠/, “to freeze”). Distribution in both Chinese and Altaic languages tell that this word is either from a substrate represented in all four languages, or a borrowing from Chinese into Turkic .
cognates
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (toŋ-, “to freeze”), Azerbaijani donmaq (“to freeze”), Bashkir туңыу (tuñıw, “to freeze”), Kazakh тоңу (toñu, “to freeze”), Khakas тоорға (toorğa, “to freeze”), Kyrgyz тоңуу (toŋuu, “to freeze”), Turkmen doňmak (“to freeze”), Tuvan доңар (doñar, “to freeze”), Uyghur توڭماق (tongmaq, “to freeze”), Uzbek toʻngmoq (“to freeze”), Yakut тоҥ (toñ, “to freeze”).