espionage

Oznaczający (Angielski)

The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.

Koncepcje

szpiegostwo

wywiad

szpieg

szpiegowanie

Synonimy

spying

intelligence

secret service

secret

㊙️

spy

undercover

undercover work

disguised

spial

informer

ninja

🥷

prying

Tłumaczenia

espionnage

spionaggio

Spionage

espionaje

espionagem

casusluk

spionage

espionatge

κατασκοπεία

speculatio

جاسوسية

κατασκοπία

تجسس

Spionagetätigkeit

verdeckte Ermittlung

Wymawiane jako (IPA)

/ˈɛs.pi.ə.ˌnɑːʒ/

Etymologia (Angielski)

Pokrewny z włoski: spione

In summary

Recorded since 1793, from French espionnage, from espionner (“to spy”), from Middle French espionner (“to spy”), from espion (“spy”), from Old French espion (“spy”), from Frankish *spehō (“spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to spy, peek, peer”). In modern times, the French pronunciation of the s, which had fallen silent since the 13th century, was restored due to the influence of Italian spione (“spy”), and was therefore also adopted by the English. More at spy.