sultan

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(Engels)

(countable, historical, uncountable) The holder of a secular office, formally subordinate to, but de facto the power behind the throne of, the caliph.
(countable, uncountable) A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, Morocco (until 1957) or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
(uncountable) A variant of solitaire, played with two decks of cards.
(countable, uncountable) A breed of chicken originating in Turkey, kept primarily in gardens for ornamental reasons. See: sultan (chicken)

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/ˈsʌltən/

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In summary

From French sultan, from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān, “strength, authority, ruler”). (compare Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón) and Hebrew סוּלְטָן (sultán)). Doublet of soldan.