1. Apart from, except (for), excluding.
2. Outside of.

1. The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.
2. The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical object, of a sentence.

Necessary; being required.

1. A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
2. As above, with the verb implied.
3. Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.
4. In order to.

1. To perceive sounds through the ear.
2. To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way.
3. To exercise this faculty intentionally; to listen to.
4. To listen favourably to; to grant (a request etc.).
5. To receive information about; to come to learn of.
6. To be contacted by.
7. To listen to (a person, case) in a court of law; to try.
8. (informal) To sympathize with; to understand the feelings or opinion of.
9. To study under.

1. Introducing a clause that is the object of a verb, especially a reporting verb or verb expressing belief, knowledge, perception, etc.
2. Introducing a clause that is the subject of a verb, especially the 'be' verb or a verb expressing judgement, opinion, etc.
3. Introducing a clause that is the subject of a verb, especially the 'be' verb or a verb expressing judgement, opinion, etc.
4. Introducing a clause that complements an adjective or passive participle.
5. Introducing a clause that complements an adjective or passive participle.
6. Introducing a subordinate clause modifying an adverb.
7. Introducing a clause that describes the information content of a preceding reporting noun.
8. Introducing — especially, but not exclusively, with an antecedent like so or such — a subordinate clause expressing a result, consequence, or effect.
9. Introducing a subordinate clause that expresses an aim, purpose, or goal ("final"), and usually contains the auxiliaries may, might, or should: so, so that, in order that.
10. Introducing a premise or supposition for consideration: seeing as; inasmuch as; given that; as would appear from the fact that.
11. Introducing an exclamation expressing a desire or wish.
12. Introducing an exclamation expressing a strong emotion such as sadness or surprise.

1. A communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.
2. An underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.
3. An errand.
4. See messages (“groceries, shopping”).