gall

Senso (Inglese)

Noun

1. (uncountable) Impudence or brazenness; temerity; chutzpah.
2. (archaic, countable) A gallbladder.
3. (archaic, uncountable) Bile, especially that of an animal; the greenish, profoundly bitter-tasting fluid found in bile ducts and gall bladders, structures associated with the liver.
4. (figuratively, uncountable) Great misery or physical suffering, likened to the bitterest-tasting of substances.

Verb

1. (ergative) To chafe, to rub or subject to friction; to create a sore on the skin.
2. (figuratively, transitive) To bother or trouble.
3. (figuratively, transitive) To harass, to harry, often with the intent to cause injury.
4. (figuratively, transitive) To exasperate.
5. (transitive) To cause pitting on a surface being cut from the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point.
6. (intransitive, obsolete, rare) To scoff; to jeer.

Verb

To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts in dyeing.

Concetti

bile

fiele

livore

galla

rancore

impudenza

risentimento

sfacciataggine

irritare

improntitudine

insistenza

insolenza

malanimo

petulanza

procacità

sfrontatezza

sfregarsi

vescicola biliare

mal animo

rancura

agro

farsi una sbucciatura

amarezza

amaro

cruccio

acredine

ardire

arditezza

astio

😡

astiosità

sinonimi

bile

gall bladder

bitterness

vex

nerve

chafe

impudence

audacity

fret

irk

rancor

rile

resentment

saddle sore

provoke

nettle

peeve

irritate

exasperate

anger

💢

impertinence

malice

aggravate

insolence

spite

tease

bug

🐛

brazenness

annoyance

cheekiness

temerity

ruffle

spleen

vexation

bother

pique

rancour

miff

bilious

molest

abrasion

crust

jaundice

get

freshness

chafing

chaff

arrogance

affront

fray

Traduzioni

bile

Galle

gal

bilis

χολή

fiel

bilis

galle

hiel

bilis

agalla

bílis

amer

effronterie

Pronunciato come (IPA)

/ɡɔːl/

Etimologia (Inglese)

Ereditato da inglese medio: galle

Ereditato da inglese antico: ġealla

Affine olandese: gal

Affine tedesco: Galle

Affine svedese: galle

Affine greco antico: χολή

Ereditato da inglese antico: gealla

In summary

From Middle English galle, from Old English ġealla, galla, from Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ.
The figurative senses (e.g., impudence, brazenness, chutzpah) are related to the literal sense (i.e., bile) via the lasting linguocultural effects of humorism, which governed Western medicine for many centuries before the advent of scientific medicine.
Related to Dutch gal, German Galle, Swedish galle, galla, Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ). Also remotely related with yellow and gold.