gruff

Εννοια (Αγγλικός)

Adj

1. having a rough, surly, and harsh demeanor and nature.
2. hoarse-voiced.
3. hoarse.

Verb

To speak gruffly.

Noun

Alternative spelling of grough (“gully in a moor”).

Έννοιες

αγέλαστος

τραχύς

άγρια

Συνώνυμα

rough

harsh

surly

hoarse

unkind

brusque

sullen

sour

crusty

husky

unpleasant

brutal

rude

disagreeable

throaty

abrupt

ill-humored

ill-humoured

tough

curmudgeonly

ungracious

inimical

unfriendly

brusk

discourteous

bristly

bass

dismal

disobliging

distasteful

desolate

brief

deep

curt

boring

baritone

annoyed

horrible

homespun

blunt

guttural

cross

grumpy

gritty

coarse

bluff

bad

👎

grim

inclinable

grating

Μεταφράσεις

nors

onaardig

bars

nurks

honds

rude

zuur

stuurs

brusco

onvriendelijk

bourru

arisco

burbero

brusco

bronco

Προφέρεται ως (IPA)

/ɡɹʌf/

Ετυμολογία (Αγγλικός)

Συγγενές με Saterfriesisch: groaf

Συγγενές με Δυτικά Φριζικά: grof

Συγγενές με Κάτω Γερμανικά: groff

Συγγενές με Γερμανικά: grob

Συγγενές με Σουηδικά: grov

In summary

16th century, from Dutch grof and/or Middle Low German grof (both “rough, coarse, rude”), from Old Dutch *grof or Old Saxon *grof, both from Proto-West Germanic *grob, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz (“coarse, rough”), possibly from an earlier *gahrubaz and then related with *hreubaz (“scabby, rough, scrubby”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian groaf (“rough, coarse, crude”), West Frisian grof (“rough, coarse, crude”), Low German groff (“rough, coarse, crude”), German grob (“rough, coarse, crude”), Swedish grov (“rough, coarse, crude”).