1. used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic; may optionally be followed by jest [+nominative]
2. used to juxtapose elements that are equivalent
3. used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic
4. in that case, then (used in if-constructions)

1. also, too
2. expresses the speaker's disdain towards something
3. denotes a lack of wanting to discuss a given topic
4. expresses that the speaker does not think something is a true representative of that group

negation particle; no, not