proven

From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns. Earlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Morphologically prove + -n.

Neu

prove

1. To demonstrate that something is true or viable; to give proof for.
2. To turn out; to manifest.
3. To turn out to be.
4. To put to the test, to make trial of.
5. To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify.
6. To experience.
7. To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of.
8. Alternative form of proof (“allow (dough) to rise; test the activeness of (yeast); pressure-test (a firearm)”)
9. To determine by experiment which effects a substance causes when ingested.